饮用水水源地水中总铀浓度监测结果分析

目的 调查各种类型饮用水水源地水样中的总铀含量，分析饮用水水源地水体中总铀浓度、摄入量及其所致年待积有效剂量，为辐射环境安全监管提供科学依据。方法 通过现场采样，采用激光荧光法分析水中铀浓度，统计2010—2018年饮用水水源地水样总铀含量，计算年摄入量和年待积有效剂量。结果 监测分析结果显示，2010—2018年饮用水水源地水中总铀浓度为0.09～4.50 μg/L，所致公众总铀年摄入量儿童和成人的最大值分别为62.58 Bq、125.16 Bq，对应的年待积有效剂量分别为4.63 μSv、6.13 μSv，符合公众年待积有效剂量限值要求。结论 近岸海水的总铀浓度相对较高，湖库水和地下水的总铀含量较低且保持稳定，近海口的地表水总铀浓度有时偏高，可能是受潮汐影响。考虑公众影响，应制定铀元素的浓度限值标准。     

Editor's choice: New concepts in the management of diffuse low-grade glioma: Proposal of a multistage and individualized therapeutic approach

Diffuse low-grade glioma grows, migrates along white matter tracts, and progresses to high-grade glioma. Rather than a “wait and see” policy, an aggressive attitude is now recommended, with early surgery as the first therapy. Intraoperative mapping, with maximal resection according to functional boundaries, is associated with a longer overall survival (OS) while minimizing morbidity. However, most studies have investigated the role of only one specific treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) without taking a global view of managing the cumulative time while preserving quality of life (QoL) versus time to anaplastic transformation. Our aim is to switch towards a more holistic concept based upon the anticipation of a personalized and long-term multistage therapeutic approach, with online adaptation of the strategy over the years using feedback from clinical, radiological, and histomolecular monitoring. This dynamic strategy challenges the traditional approach by proposing earlier therapy, by repeating treatments, and by reversing the classical order of therapies (eg, neoadjuvant chemotherapy when maximal resection is impossible, no early radiotherapy) to improve OS and QoL. New individualized management strategies should deal with the interactions between the course of this chronic disease, reaction brain remapping, and oncofunctional modulation elicited by serial treatments. This philosophy supports a personalized, functional, and preventive neuro-oncology.     

Laparoscopic anatomic segmentectomy 8 using the outer-Laennec approach

BackgroundLaparoscopic anatomic segmentectomy 8 is a difficult and technically demanding procedure owing to exposure of two major hepatic veins. To safely and accurately perform this procedure, the outer-Laennec approach was developed (Kiguchi et al., 2019) [1], which is based on the structure of Laennec's capsule (Sugioka et al., 2017; Laennec, 1802; Hayashi et al., 2008) [2,3,4]. The capsule comprises two layers: the hepatic and cardiac Laennec's capsules surrounding the major hepatic vein (Kiguchi et al., 2019) [1]. The outer-Laennec approach maintains the strength of the hepatic vein wall, preserving the two layers of Laennec's capsule. We describe a laparoscopic anatomic segmentectomy 8 using the outer-Laennec approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsParenchymal transection was initiated to expose the root of the middle hepatic vein and right hepatic vein with the cranio-caudal view. The space between the hepatic Laennec's capsule and liver parenchyma was invaded using the outer-Laennec approach. The cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator was used from the root side toward the peripheral side to retain the hepatic Laennec's capsule on the vein wall and avoid splitting the bifurcation of the hepatic vein. The parenchymal dissection process was completed by an S8 Glissonean pedicle dissection.ResultsThe operative time was 296 min, and the estimated blood loss was 10 mL. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. A pathological examination confirmed that the 2.0-cm mass was HCC with negative margins.ConclusionThe outer-Laennec approach is feasible and useful to standardize the safe laparoscopic anatomic segmentectomy 8.     

经前侧入路达芬奇机器人辅助肺段切除术的临床分析

目的总结经前侧入路达芬奇机器人辅助肺段切除术治疗肺部结节的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年10月于我科行前侧入路达芬奇机器人辅助肺段切除术77例患者的临床资料,其中男22例、女55例,年龄53(30~71)岁。对患者症状、一般情况、术前影像学资料、切除肺段分布、手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫数、术后带管时间、引流量、术后住院时间、术后并发症以及围术期死亡等指标进行分析。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开胸,无严重并发症,无围术期死亡。术后病理48例为早期肺癌,29例为良性肿瘤。机器人Docking时间4(1~30)min,机器人腔内操作时间76(30~170)min,出血量30(20~400)mL,术后胸腔闭式引流管引流时间4(2~15)d,术后总引流量780(200~3980)mL;术后住院时间7(3~19)d。结论经前侧入路机器人辅助肺段切除治疗肺部结节安全、便捷和有效,值得临床推广应用。     

Efficacy of microsurgical vascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia

ObjectivesAnalysis of the long-term efficacy of microvascular decompression surgery in trigeminal neuralgia.Material and methodsA single-center retrospective study included patients undergoing microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia after failure of well-conducted medical or complementary therapy, with visualization of nerve compression syndrome on MRI.ResultsEighty-seven patients were included. Nerve compression was alleviated without interposition of polytetrafluoroethylene in 79.3% of cases. Postoperative efficacy on pain was immediate in 97.7% of cases. There were no postoperative deaths, and the rate of severe complications was low (2.3%). The efficacy of microvascular decompression surgery was total at 2 years in 90.8% of cases and at 10 years in 92.3%, without resumption of medical treatment. The failure rate was 10.3%; 26.3% of these patients had been previously treated by a lesional technique (P: 0.043) and 33.3% by interposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (P: 0.003).ConclusionsWith confirmed clinical and radiological diagnosis, microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal nerve compression was safe, with total effectiveness in the immediate, short and long terms. It should be considered in first line in case of failure or intolerance of well-conducted medical treatment.